Quantum cryptography uses the principles of quantum mechanics to secure communications in ways that are theoretically impossible to intercept without detection. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) allows two parties to generate a shared encryption key where any eavesdropping attempt disturbs the quantum states and is therefore detectable.
The broader concern is post-quantum cryptography — developing classical algorithms that resist attack by quantum computers. Current public-key encryption would be broken by a sufficiently powerful quantum computer. NIST finalized the first post-quantum cryptographic standards in 2024.
CISSP Relevance
Quantum cryptography and post-quantum threats are emerging topics in Domain 3 (Security Architecture and Engineering). CISSP candidates must understand the threat quantum computing poses to existing cryptographic systems and the migration strategies organizations need to adopt.
External reference: NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography Project
Related terms: Cryptography, Encryption